COMPUTER THIRD PERIOD

Although the transistor is in many respects the vacuum tube, but transistors generate considerable heat, which can potentially damage the internal parts of the computer. Quartz stone (quartz rock) eliminates this problem. Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instruments, developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958. The IC combined three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of quartz sand. Scientists later managed to fit more components into a single chip, called a semiconductor. As a result, computers become smaller because the components can be squeezed onto the chip. Other third-generation development is the use of the operating system (operating system) that allows the engine to run many different programs at once with a central program that monitored and coordinated the computer's memory.

Characteristic feature of the third-generation computers are as follows:

1) the electronic components of the Integrated Circuit (IC) in the form of a slab or chip

2) The program is made with high-level languages (High Level Language), namely: BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL

3) It applies the concept of multi-processing and can run the program more than one multi-programming at the same time

4) Can communicate with other devices to perform data communication such as a phone with a computer.

5) As a starting point the phenomenon of microcomputers

6) Computers are becoming smaller and cheaper

7) The concept of 'time-sharing' is introduced

8) Its properties:

 size is smaller than the second generation computer

 Start recognize Multi Programming and Multi Processing

 The existence of integration between Software and Hardware in Operating Systems

 The process is very fast

 The capacity to store more data.

 Using the technology of small-and medium-scale integration factory is producing; IBM, Burroghs, HONEYWELL, NCR Example machine; IBM S / 360, the UNIVAC 1108, the PDP 8 & 11, HONEYWELL 200, RCA, SPECTRA 70.

This is the third generation computers were introduced between 1963 until 1971. In this era also began to use the operating system (operation system) which allows the engine to run many different programs at once with a central program that monitored and coordinated the computer's memory. Computer operating system in the third generation is UNIX and Windows. Although the graph is still very minimal.

Continues to Computer History Fourth Period <-- click to read